The LifeStraw filter protects against 99.999999% of bacteria (including E.coli, Salmonella), 99.999% of parasites (including Giardia and Cryptosporidium), 99.999% of microplastics, chlorine, organic chemical matter, dirt, sand, and cloudiness; improves taste. The long-lasting membrane microfilter lasts up to 4,000 L and the activated carbon filter lasts up to 100 L of water with proper use and maintenance. Durable and BPA-free, independently lab tested to meet protocols established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NSF International/ANSI.